New Jersey is both populous and densely packed, with an estimated 9,500,851 residents in 2024, ranking it 11th in total population but first in population density, at approximately 1,185 people per square mile. Historically, the state experienced rapid growth throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, with double-digit increases nearly every decade until 1980. Growth slowed in the 21st century but has remained robust, rebounding after a slight COVID-related decline in 2022. The state’s center of population is located in East Brunswick, reflecting its position in the heart of the Northeast megalopolis, home to over 50 million people.

Every county in New Jersey is classified as urban, with most residents living near New York City, Philadelphia, or along the Jersey Shore. The extreme southern and northwestern counties are less densely populated, offering a contrast to the state’s bustling urban centers.

Economically, New Jersey is one of the wealthiest states in the nation. As of 2023, the median household income stood at $99,781, the second-highest in the country. Approximately 9.4% of residents live in poverty, slightly below the national average, while the state boasts the highest number of millionaires per capita and per square mile in the United States. Additionally, New Jersey has the most scientists and engineers per square mile globally, reflecting its highly educated workforce.

New Jersey is also culturally diverse. A quarter of its population is foreign-born, with top countries of origin including India, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Ecuador, and the Philippines. According to the 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, the state had an estimated 8,752 homeless individuals, highlighting ongoing social challenges.

Overall, New Jersey’s demographic profile combines dense urban living, economic prosperity, and multicultural vibrancy, shaping the state as a central hub of education, innovation, and opportunity on the U.S. East Coast.